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I am a passionate Earth Scientist, Nature Lover, Sports Addict, and Environmentalist seeking innovative solutions to complex problems. My main interests are natural hazards, resilient communities, evacuation planning, and other modern social issues such as sustainable urban mobility. I enjoy involving myself in scientific projects, talks, proposals, discussions, or exercises on these topics whenever possible. Before my academic career, I have five years of experience in the private sector in technical support, sales, project management, organization, and participation in trade shows and events. In a professional environment, I am a proactive, communicative team player taking the initiative to solve problems with sometimes even unconventional ideas. I hold a Ph. D. in Geophysical and Geoinformation Sciences (2022) and a Master in Geophysical Sciences (2015) from the University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, and a Bachelor in Geography (2013), from the University of Salzburg. I published seven peer-reviewed articles in international journals. I received three awards of distinction, the Award for Innovation of Public Transport (2015) from the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, the Outstanding Student Poster and PICO (OSPP) award from the European Geoscience Union (2016), and the distinction (cum laude) for the Ph. D. dissertation from the University of Lisbon (2022). In addition, I contributed to eight national and international projects, field surveys, and a marine campaign. In several initiatives, I contributed to the dissemination of scientific outputs and involved myself in project management activities. My most recent work in natural sciences focuses on the geophysics of tsunami hazards. My main topics of interest are Tsunami Hazard Assessment, Numerical and Analytical Modelling, Tsunami Impact Estimation, Tsunami Source Evaluation, Tsunami Warning Systems, Field Survey, Digital Elevation Model, Historical Maps and charts, and GIS Analysis. In my studies, I tackled issues such as: (i) hazard assessment for the port and coast of Sines; (ii) morphological changes in-between centuries; (iii) source evaluation of historical earthquakes and tsunamis; (iv) developing formulas for quick tsunami runup computation; (v) and tsunami impact assessment. I have a broad multidisciplinary, international background with various knowledge fields such as management, organizational, technical, analytical, programming (MatLab, Fortran, and Python), spatial analysis, GIS, remote sensing, and fieldwork skills. In my spare time, I enjoy spending time with my daughter, playing the guitar, and practicing surfing, rock climbing, and running. In addition, as a UIAA climbing instructor, I commit myself as trainer for beginner and intermediate climbing courses.
Identificação

Identificação pessoal

Nome completo
Martin Wronna

Nomes de citação

  • Wronna, Martin

Identificadores de autor

Ciência ID
1F1B-8B58-38C4
ORCID iD
0000-0002-8773-3738

Endereços de correio eletrónico

  • martinwronna@gmail.com (Profissional)

Telefones

Telemóvel
  • 918905312 (Pessoal)

Moradas

  • Rua Feliciano de Sousa 98, 1300-231, Lisboa, Alcântara, Portugal (Pessoal)

Websites

Domínios de atuação

  • Ciências Naturais - Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente - Geofísica
  • Ciências Naturais - Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente - Geociências e Estudos Pluridisciplinares

Idiomas

Idioma Conversação Leitura Escrita Compreensão Peer-review
Alemão (Idioma materno)
Inglês Utilizador proficiente (C2) Utilizador proficiente (C2) Utilizador proficiente (C2) Utilizador proficiente (C2) Utilizador proficiente (C2)
Português Utilizador proficiente (C1) Utilizador proficiente (C1) Utilizador proficiente (C1) Utilizador proficiente (C1) Utilizador proficiente (C1)
Espanhol; Castelhano Utilizador elementar (A2) Utilizador independente (B1) Utilizador elementar (A2) Utilizador independente (B1) Utilizador elementar (A1)
Formação
Grau Classificação
2017/04/01 - 2022/02/02
Concluído
Ciências Geofísicas e da Geoinformação (Doutoramento)
Especialização em Especialidade: Geofísica
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
"Tsunamis from source to coast " (TESE/DISSERTAÇÃO)
Approved with distinction and honors (cum laude)
2013/10 - 2015
Concluído
Ciências Geofísicas (Mestrado)
Especialização em Área de especialização: Oceanografia
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
"Deterministic tsunami hazard assessment of Sines - Portugal" (TESE/DISSERTAÇÃO)
16
2013/02/01
Concluído
Geographie (Bachelor)
Universität Salzburg Fachbereich Geographie und Geologie, Áustria
"DEM reconstruction of Cascais 1755 and numerical Tsunami Modeling" (TESE/DISSERTAÇÃO)
18
Percurso profissional

Ciência

Categoria Profissional
Instituição de acolhimento
Empregador
2017/04/01 - Atual Investigador (Investigação) Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
2014/03/01 - 2017/03/31 Estagiário de Investigação (Investigação) Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Projetos

Bolsa

Designação Financiadores
2022/09 - Atual PyBe: Iberian Pyrite Belt lithospheric characterization with Magnetotelluric EXPL/CTA-GEF/0183/2021
EXPL/CTA-GEF/0183/2021
Investigador
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
Associação para a Inovação e Desenvolvimento da FCT
Em curso
2017/04/01 - 2021/03/31 Tsunamis from source to coast
PD/BD/135070/2017
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluído
2018/10/29 - 2019/09/12 International Tsunami Survey Team - Post-Event Field Survey of the September 28th, 2018, Tsunami in Palu- Sulawesi, Indonesia
Project FACC 093510
Investigador
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
Associação para a Inovação e Desenvolvimento da FCT
Concluído

Projeto

Designação Financiadores
2021/09/15 - 2022/01/15 OnOff - Coupling onshore and offshore tsunami record: complementary tools for a broader perspective on tsunami events - PTDC/CTA-GEO/28941/2017
PTDC/CTA-GEO/28941/2017
Bolseiro de Doutoramento
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluído
2017/01/23 - 2019/01/25 TSUMAPS-NEAM - Probabilistic TSUnami Hazard MAPS for the NEAM Region
Agreement Number ECHO/ SUB/2015/718568/PREV26
Contributor to scientific publication in the projects framework
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Itália
European Union Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
Concluído
2016/01/01 - 2018/12/31 TROYO - TRAINING OF YOUTH FOR PREPAREDNESS AGAINST MARINE INDUCED HAZARDS
2015-3-TR01-KA205-024506
Expert - participating in international meetings and elaborating guidebooks and training materials
Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi, Turquia
Erasmus Plus
2017/05/16 - 2017/06/01 PROPEL - PROPagation of the Eurasia-Africa pLate boundary East of the GLoria Fault
EUROFLEETS2 TRANS NATIONAL ACCESS contract, AGREEMENT Nº 16/2.215.212
Volunteer
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
European Commission Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Concluído
2015/11/01 - 2017/03/31 ASTARTE - Assessment STrategy And Risk for Tsunami in Europe
603839
Bolseiro de Mestrado
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
European Commission Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development International Cooperation
Concluído
2014/03/01 - 2015/09/30 ASTARTE - Assessment, Strategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe
603839
Bolseiro de Iniciação Científica
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
European Commission Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Concluído
Produções

Publicações

Artigo em conferência
  1. André Trinidade; Omira, Rachid; Wronna, Martin; Maria Ana Baptista. "Análise da Vulnerabilidade ao Impacto de Tsunami nos Edifícios do Porto de Sines – Uma Abordagem SIG". Trabalho apresentado em Conferência Nacional de Cartografia e Geodesia, Amadora, 2015.
    Publicado
  2. Ribeiro, Manuel João Morais; Wronna, Martin; Maria Ana Baptista; Costa, M Paula Teves. "Riscos costeiros em Cascais". Trabalho apresentado em 6ª Assembleia Luso-Espanhola de Geodesia e Geofísica, Evora, 2014.
    Publicado
Artigo em revista
  1. Wronna, Martin; Baptista, Maria Ana; Miranda, Jorge Miguel. Autor correspondente: Wronna, Martin. "Reevaluation of the 11 November 1858 Earthquake and Tsunami in Setúbal: A Contribution to the Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Assessment in Southwest Iberia". Pure and Applied Geophysics 178 12 (2021): 4717-4742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02885-x.
    10.1007/s00024-021-02885-x
  2. Wronna, Martin; Baptista, Maria Ana; Kânoglu, Utku. "A new tsunami runup predictor". Natural Hazards 105 2 (2020): 1571-1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04366-1.
    Publicado • 10.1007/s11069-020-04366-1
  3. Omira, R.; Dogan, G. G.; Hidayat, R.; Husrin, S.; Prasetya, G.; Annunziato, A.; Proietti, C.; et al. "The September 28th, 2018, Tsunami In Palu-Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Post-Event Field Survey". Pure and Applied Geophysics 176 4 (2019): 1379-1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02145-z.
    Publicado • 10.1007/s00024-019-02145-z
  4. Wronna, Martin; Baptista, Maria Ana; Miranda, Jorge Miguel. "Reanalysis of the 1761 transatlantic tsunami". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19 2 (2019): 337-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-337-2019.
    10.5194/nhess-19-337-2019
  5. Glimsdal, S.; Løvholt, F.; Harbitz, C. B.; Romano, F.; Lorito, S.; Orefice, S.; Brizuela, B.; et al. "A New Approximate Method for Quantifying Tsunami Maximum Inundation Height Probability". Pure and Applied Geophysics 176 7 (2019): 3227-3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02091-w.
    10.1007/s00024-019-02091-w
  6. Wronna, Martin; Baptista, Maria Ana; Götz, Joachim. Autor correspondente: Wronna, Martin. "On the construction and use of a Paleo-DEM to reproduce tsunami inundation in a historical urban environment – the case of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in Cascais". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8 2 (2017): 841-862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1271832.
    10.1080/19475705.2016.1271832
  7. Wronna, M.; Omira, R.; Baptista, M. A.. Autor correspondente: Wronna, M.. "Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines, Portugal". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15 11 (2015): 2557-2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2557-2015.
    10.5194/nhess-15-2557-2015
Poster em conferência
  1. Wronna, Martin; Kânoglu, Utku; Maria Ana Baptista. "A new predictor for tsunami runup". Trabalho apresentado em European Geoscience Union, 2020.
  2. Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner; Rahman Hidayat; Semeidi Husrin; Alessandro Annunziato; Gozde Guney Dogan; Andrey Zaytsev; Omira, Rachid; et al. "Field Survey on the Coastal Impacts of the September 28, 2018 Palu, Indonesia Tsunami". Trabalho apresentado em American Geophysical Union, 2018.
  3. Finn Løvholt; Sylfest Glimsdal; Carl Bonnevie Harbitz; Fabrizio Romano; Stefano Lorito; Simone Orefice; Beatriz Brizuela; et al. "New amplification factors for estimation of maximum tsunami inundation height and related uncertainty in probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis". Trabalho apresentado em American Geophysical Union, 2018.
  4. Wronna, Martin; Kânoglu, Utku; Maria Ana Baptista. Autor correspondente: Wronna, Martin. "Numerical and analytical study on fault plane parameters influencing tsunami runup". Trabalho apresentado em European Geoscience Union, 2018.
  5. Wronna, Martin; Maria Ana Baptista; Kânoglu, Utku; Miranda, Jorge Miguel. "Comparison of maximum runup through analytical and numerical approaches for different fault parameters estimates". Trabalho apresentado em American Geophysical Union, 2017.
  6. Wronna, Martin; Kânoglu, Utku; Maria Ana Baptista; Miranda, Jorge Miguel. "Inundation and runup caused by two transatlantic tsunamis in the 18th century in Cadiz". Trabalho apresentado em International Tsunami Symposion -, 2017.
  7. Wronna, Martin; Kânoglu, Utku; Maria Ana Baptista. "2D+ 1D Runup Estimations compared with field data of the three recent Chilean Events, the 2010 Maule, the 2014 Iquique and the 2015 Illapel tsunamis". Trabalho apresentado em European Geoscience Union, 2017.
  8. Wronna, Martin; Maria Ana Baptista; Kânoglu, Utku. "Validation of the 2D+1D Runup Estimation with Field Data of the 2010 Maule Tsunami". Trabalho apresentado em American Geophysical Union, 2016.
  9. Wronna, Martin; Maria Ana Baptista; Joachim Götz. "On the use of Paleo DEMS for Simulation of historical Tsunami Events". Trabalho apresentado em European Geoscience Union, 2016.
Recurso online
  1. Nuno Silva; Nuno Catarino; Nuno Ávila; Maria Ana Baptista; Wronna, Martin. Tsunami detection from Space - A nearly real-time system to detect ocean surface altimetric anomalies with satellites. 2021. https://elecnor-deimos.com/tsunami-prevention-gnss-r/.
  2. Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner; Rahman Hidayat; Semeidi Husrin; Gegar Prasetya; Alessandro Annunziato; Gozde Guney Dogan; Andrey Zaytsev; et al. Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map - Indonesia | Post event Tsunami Survey | 7.5 M Earthquake (28 Sept 2018). 2018. http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/images/stories/itst_tsunami_survey/itst_palu/ECDM_20181116_Indonesia_Tsunami_Survey.pdf.
Relatório
  1. Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner; Rahman Hidayat; Semeidi Husrin; Gegar Prasetya; Alessandro Annunziato; Gozde Guney Dogan; Andrey Zaytsev; et al. 2018. The 28th September 2018 Palu Earthquake and Tsunami ITST, 07 - 11 November Post Tsunami Field Survey Report.. http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/images/stories/itst_tsunami_survey/itst_palu/ITST-Nov-7-11-Short-Survey-Report-due-on-November-23-2018.pdf.
  2. Terrinha, Pedro; Acettella D.; Batista, Luis; Brito, Pedro Jorge de Oliveira; Correia R.; Cova A.; Dicurzio E.; et al. 2017. Propagation of the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary east of the Gloria Fault..
Resumo em conferência
  1. Wronna, Martin; Rahman Hidayat; Semeidi Husrin; Gegar Prasetya; Alessandro Annunziato; Gozde Guney Dogan; Andrey Zaytsev; et al. "Insights in the UNESCO Post-Event Field Survey of the September 28th, 2018 Palu Tsunami". Vienna, 2019.
    Publicado
  2. Maria Ana Baptista; Wronna, Martin; Miranda, Jorge Miguel. "Revisiting the 1761 Transatlantic Tsunami". Trabalho apresentado em European Geoscience Union, Vienna, 2016.
    Publicado
Tese / Dissertação
  1. Wronna, Martin. "Deterministic tsunami hazard assessment of Sines - Portugal". Mestrado, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/20807.
Atividades

Apresentação oral de trabalho

Título da apresentação Nome do evento
Anfitrião (Local do evento)
2022/02/21 Comparison of rapid tsunami impact evaluation with geological records for the 1755 Lisbon tsunami OnOff – End of project seminar
(Online)
2017/12/07 ASTARTE - Assessment, Strategy and Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe, ASTARTE EU Project Maria Ana Baptista, Martin Wronna Bodrum-Kos Earthquake and Tsunami Workshop
Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers (TCCE) Bodrum Branch (Bodrum, Turquia)
2016/06/09 Tsunami Sciences & What happened in Cascais 1755 Bridging Disciplines from Entertainment, Psychology, and History to Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences
St. Julian's School (Carcalvelos)

Organização de evento

Nome do evento
Tipo de evento (Tipo de participação)
Instituição / Organização
2016/06/03 - 2016/06/07 ASTARTE-PEARL-TANDEM Joint Summer School was organized in the framework of ASTARTE project, an FP7 project (Grant Number 603839) and was held at the Technical University of Crete in Chania, Greece in June 2016 with the participation of 28 undergraduate or graduate students and 17 lecturers from different fields. Jointly organized by three ongoing European research projects, the summer school contributed to the participants knowledge on coastal hazards, both theoretically and methodologically, with emphasis on coastal disaster resilience. (2016/06/03 - 2016/06/07)
Outro (Membro da Comissão Organizadora)
Technical University of Crete, Grécia

Participação em evento

Descrição da atividade
Tipo de evento
Nome do evento
Instituição / Organização
2021/07/15 - 2021/07/16 On the 15th and 16th of July, the AIR Centre in articulation with Portugal (PT Space and CoLab+Atlantic), Mexico (AEM), the UK (Catapult SA), Spain (CDTI), Nigeria (NASRDA), South Africa (SANSA), Norway (NTNU), Egypt (EGSA), Brazil (INPE), and Canada (ASC-CSA) will promote the workshop Towards an Atlantic Constellation - Workshop for Preliminary User Needs and Requirements to discuss the idea behind a constellation of small satellites to address user needs of Atlantic communities and to set the main requirements.
Oficina (workshop)
Towards an Atlantic Constellation
Atlantic International Research Centre, Portugal

Agência Espacial Portuguesa, Portugal
2020/01/14 - 2020/01/17 COST Action CA18109 AGITHAR - Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis Working Group 1-3 Meeting This meeting is intended for intense collaboration on finalizing the first deliverable - a report on research gaps. Scope: In this meeting participants will work to draft and write the first deliverable of AGITHAR. We intend to produce a report on research gaps in probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods and current state-of-the-art.
Encontro
Universität Hamburg, Alemanha
2019/11/05 - 2019/11/05 Activities in the framework of the International Tsunami Awareness Day on the 5th of November 2019 including experimental modeling and a scenario workshop entitled 'The tsunami of 2019'.
Oficina (workshop)
DIA MUNDIAL DE SENSIBILIZAÇÃO PARA O RISCO DE TSUNAMI
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal

Pavilhão do Conhecimento-Centro Ciência Viva, Portugal
2019/10/07 - 2019/10/09 Cost Action CA18109 AGITHAR - Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis: This meeting will set the scene for probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods and current state-of-the-art. Invited experts will introduce to the different aspects of PTHA and PTRA. A limited number of external participants can be accepted and abstract submissions are invited on the following topics: -Novel approaches to probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk assessment -Numerical tsunami modeling, inundation modeling, and benchmarking.
Encontro
Universität Hamburg, Alemanha
2019/04/10 - 2019/04/10 EPOS and GTM splinter meetings discussing the managment activities around the Thematic Core Service (TCS) Tsunamis to be included in European Plate Observing System (EPOS) and how the Global Tsunami Model (GTM) can benefit from AGITHAR COST Action.
Encontro
EPOS and GTM splinter meetings
Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Noruega
2018/09/25 - 2018/09/25 The objectives of the meeting was to discuss the implementation Thematic Core Service (TCS) Tsunamis for the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). One main objective was to gather the feedback from the Tsunami service Providers of the UNESCO/IOC NEAMTWS such as Instituto Portuguese do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. (IPMA) for the TCS tsunami and the current involvement in EPOS. I represented IPMA at the meeting being involved in the management activities regarding TCS tsunamis for EPOS.
Encontro
TCS Tsunami for EPOS
Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Alemanha
2018/03/02 - 2018/03/02 The Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) was present at the QUALIFICA and FUTURÁLIA fairs, in an integrated space of the Operational Human Capital Program (POCH), which finances part of the grants awarded by FCT. Instituto Dom Luiz was invited, since IDL has PhD scholarships financed by FCT (namely EARTHSYSTEMS program) with PhD students to present a talk with projects responding to the question 'What is a PhD in IDL research unit?'.
Exposição
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
2017/07/04 - 2017/07/10 Earthsystems Summer School - Earth-system processes in the Atlantic, Terceira Island, Azores. Taking the opportunity of the “Aerosol and Cloud experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE_ENA)” campaign, which brought to the Azores a group of scientists to study processes in the maritime atmosphere, the University of the Azores (through IITAA at the Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences), the University of Lisbon (through Instituto Dom Luiz at the Faculty of Sciences), the Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) and the ACE_EN
Outro
Earth-system processes in the Atlantic, Terceira Island, Azores.
Universidade dos Açores Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologia da Agronomia e Meio Ambiente, Portugal

Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal

Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
2013/11/21 - 2013/11/21 Activities and experiments with students to explain the importance of aerosols for the formation of clouds in the framework of the Science and Technology week of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon.
Outro
Dia do Clima
Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

Expedição científica

Descrição da atividade Instituição / Organização
2018/11/07 - 2018/11/11 Post-tsunami Field Survey-The September 28th, 2018, Palu-Indonesia In the aftermath of the September 28th, 2018, tsunami that hit the Bay of Palu-Indonesia, following a M~7.5 earthquake, a team of scientists from different disciplines and agencies conducted a post-tsunami field survey with the objective to collect the onshore tsunami characteristics, including run-up and inundation heights, inundation extent and to document the effects of the tsunami on the infrastructure. Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Dom Luiz, Portugal
2017/05/17 - 2017/06/01 The main objectives of the PROPEL cruise were to image the tectono-stratigraphic structure of the SWIM Fault – Gloria Fault connection that make part of the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary in the Atlantic Ocean across the Madeira-Tore Rise and to inspect for deep fluid circulation on the Gloria Fault. The first objective was fulfilled by the acquisition of multichannel seismic reflection, sub-bottom profiles and magnetic data. The second objective could not be accomplished due to technical problems that did not permit successful gravity coring. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal

Revisão ad hoc de artigos em revista

Nome da revista (ISSN) Editora
2022/11 - Atual Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment Springer Nature
2020/06/01 - Atual Pure and Applied Geophysics Springer Nature
2017/09/12 - Atual Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Copernicus Publications
Distinções

Prémio

2016 Outstanding Student Poster and PICO (OSPP)
European Geosciences Union, Alemanha
2015 1st price of the contest of Innovation of Public Transport
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal

Outra distinção

2022 The Dissertation with the title 'Tsunami from source to coast' has been approved with distinction and honors
Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal