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Susana Relvas is an Associate Professor at the Department of Engineering and Management (DEG) of Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal. She obtained her PhD in 2008, Industrial Engineering and Management from IST. She is Vice-President of DEG, Coordinator of the Lifelong Learning Programme on Engineering and Management @ Técnico+, and Deputy Director of RENE @ KIC InnoENergy. Her research interests are Logistics, Operations Management, and Supply Chain Management applied to topics such as the Retail Industry, Agri-Food Supply Chains, Manufacturing, and Energy Supply Chains, linking to Human-Centred Approaches, Sustainability, and Resilience. She co-coordinates the Logistics Lab at IST, focusing on research and teaching in Logistics, centred on innovation and R&D development and strong collaboration with industry. She is currently supervising 3 PhD students and 10 MSc students. She is the author of more than 40 indexed journal publications.
Identification

Personal identification

Full name
Susana Isabel Carvalho Relvas

Citation names

  • Relvas, Susana

Author identifiers

Ciência ID
951A-F132-622A
ORCID iD
0000-0003-3043-6086

Email addresses

  • susana.relvas@tecnico.ulisboa.pt (Professional)

Knowledge fields

  • Engineering and Technology - Other Engineering and Technologies

Languages

Language Speaking Reading Writing Listening Peer-review
Portuguese (Mother tongue)
French Beginner (A1) Intermediate (B1) Intermediate (B1) Beginner (A1)
English Advanced (C1) Advanced (C1) Advanced (C1) Advanced (C1)
German Beginner (A1) Beginner (A1) Beginner (A1) Beginner (A1)
Education
Degree Classification
2008/02/08
Concluded
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Doutoramento)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
"Optimal Pipeline Scheduling and Inventory Management of a Multiproduct Oil Distribution Centre" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
Accepted
2008
Concluded
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Doutoramento)
Major in Sem especialidade
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
"Optimal Pipeline Scheduling and Inventory Management of Multiproduct Oil Distribution Centre" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
2002
Concluded
Engenharia Química (Licenciatura)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
"-" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
Affiliation

Teaching in Higher Education

Category
Host institution
Employer
2015/12/17 - Current Associate Professor (University Teacher) Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
2008/04/07 - 2015/12/16 Assistant Professor (University Teacher) Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal

Positions / Appointments

Category
Host institution
Employer
2016 - 2018 Coordenação ou direção de centro de investigação, departamento ou equivalente Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

Others

Category
Host institution
Employer
2007 - Current Investigadora Integrada Instituto Superior Técnico Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
2005/01/01 - 2008/02/08 PhD Student, funded by the Doctoral Program in Companies, from FCT Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
2007 - 2007 Bolseira Instituto Superior Técnico Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
2004/06/01 - 2004/12/31 Research Colaborator Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
2003/04/01 - 2004/05/31 Technical Secretariat of the European Symposium on Computer Aided Chemical Engineering - ESCAPE14 Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
2002/09/01 - 2003/03/31 Project Colaborator "Estratégias para a Implementação da Integração de Processos - Strategies for Process Integration Implementation" Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Projects

Grant

Designation Funders
2016/01 - 2018/12 Introduction of advanced materials technologies into new product development for the mobility industries.
MITP-TB/PFM/0005/2013
Universidade do Minho, Portugal

Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal

Associated Laboratory for Energy Transports and Aeronautics, Portugal

Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Engenharia, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluded

Contract

Designation Funders
2021/10/01 - 2021/12/31 m-SSChain: Gestão de Cadeias de Abastecimento Sustentáveis
PTDC/EGE-OGE/28071/2017
Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluded
2017/12/01 - 2021/09/30 Mobilização de conhecimento científico e tecnológico em resposta aos desafios do mercado agroalimentar (MobFood)
POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024524
Researcher
Instituto Superior Técnico Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal
Concluded
2016/11/01 - 2020/10/31 Aligning Manufacturing Decision Making with Advanced Manufacturing Technologies.
SAICTPAC/0034/2015
Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Portugal

Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Portugal

Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Ongoing
2011/01/01 - 2013/12/31 Projecto Estratégico - UI 97 - 2011-2012
PEst-OE/EGE/UI0097/2011
Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Portugal

Instituto Superior Técnico Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal

Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluded
2010/01/01 - 2013/06/30 PEERChain - Projecto e Planeamento de Cadeias de Abastecimentos Energeticamente Eficientes e Resilientes
PTDC/SEN-ENR/102869/2008
Instituto Superior Técnico Centro de Estudos de Gestão, Portugal

Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluded
Outputs

Publications

Book
  1. Ofori-Ntow Jnr, E.; Ziggah, Y.Y.; Rahmani-Andebili, M.; Rodrigues, M.J.; Relvas, S.. A Novel Three-Stage Short-Term Photovoltaic Prediction Approach Based on Neighborhood Component Analysis and ANN Optimized with PSO (NCA-PSO-ANN). 2022.
    10.1007/978-3-030-94522-0_3
  2. Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; de Miranda, J.L.; Relvas, S.. Preface. 2015.
  3. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. Petroleum Supply Chain Network Design and Tactical Planning with Demand Uncertainty. 2015.
    10.1007/978-3-319-24154-8_8
  4. Vicente, J.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. Distribution Supply Chain Inventory Planning under Uncertainty. 2015.
    10.1007/978-3-319-24154-8_29
  5. Póvoa, A.P.B.; Miranda, J.; Relvas, S.. Preface. 2015.
  6. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.; Novais, A.Q.. Network design and planning of resilient supply chains. 2014.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63455-9.50038-6
  7. Paulo, H.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. Energy from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Supply Chain Modeling to Maximize Net Energy Production. 2014.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63456-6.50081-8
  8. Fabro, J.A.; Stebel, S.L.; Arruda, L.V.R.; Neves, F.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. A mixed integer linear program decomposition solution to the scheduling activities in a real-world pipeline used to transport heavy oil derivatives. 2013.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63234-0.50100-7
  9. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Povóa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. Risk management in the design and planning of closed-loop supply chains. 2013.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63234-0.50080-4
  10. Paulo, H.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. Modeling integrated biorefinery supply chains. 2013.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63234-0.50014-2
  11. José Fernandes, L.; Relvas, S.; Paula Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. Design and Planning of Downstream Petroleum Supply Chains. 2012.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-59519-5.50087-3
  12. Banaszewski, R.F.; Nogueira, K.E.; Arruda, L.V.; Simão, J.M.; Tacla, C.A.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. Transportation Planning of Oil Products: An application of multi-agents auction-based protocol with improvements in the bidding strategy. 2012.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-59519-5.50078-2
  13. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. Designing and planning of closed-loop supply chains for risk and economical optimization. 2012.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-59519-5.50090-3
  14. Marques, C.N.; Matos, H.A.; Relvas, S.. Inventory Management for Multi-product Tank Farm Systems using a MILP Model with Rolling Horizon. 2012.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-59519-5.50095-2
  15. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Matos, H.A.; Pinto, P.. Decision Support System for Multiproduct Pipeline and Inventory Management Systems. 2011.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-53711-9.50182-6
  16. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Paula Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. Strategic Planning of Petroleum Supply Chains. 2011.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-54298-4.50126-4
  17. Boschetto, S.N.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.; Neves, F.. A decomposition approach for the operational scheduling of a multiproduct pipeline. 2010.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(10)28202-0
  18. Fernandes, L.J.; Barbosa-Póvo, A.P.; Relvas, S.. Risk management framework for the petroleum supply chain. 2010.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(10)28027-6
  19. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Matos, H.A.. Inventory management MILP modeling for tank farm systems. 2010.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(10)28122-1
  20. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Matos, H.A.. Oil products distribution systems: Decomposition approach on pipeline and inventory scheduling. 2009.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(09)70719-9
  21. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Matos, H.A.. Optimal operation of a real multiproduct pipeline and storage system: Economical versus Operational Objectives. 2009.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(09)70067-7
  22. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; F.D. Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Fialho, J.. Oil products pipeline scheduling with tank farm inventory management. 2008.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(08)80051-X
  23. Antunes, P.; Relvas, S.; Borges, M.. Alternative dispute resolution based on the storytelling technique. 2007.
  24. Relvas, S.; Paula Barbosa-Povoa, A.; A. Matos, H.; Fialho, J.#x.;o.. Rescheduling of medium term pipeline operation with tank farm inventory management. 2007.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(07)80134-9
  25. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Matos, H.A.; Fialho, J.; Pinheiro, A.S.. Pipeline scheduling and distribution centre management-A real-world scenario at CLC. 2006.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(06)80364-0
  26. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; Fernandes, M.C.; Nunes, C.P.. AquoMin: Targeting and design of mass-exchange networks featuring regeneration recycle. 2005.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(05)80236-6
  27. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; Fernandes, M.C.; Castro, P.; Nunes, C.P.. Aquomin: An approach to pollution prevention based on pinch analysis. 2004.
    10.1016/S1570-7946(04)80145-7
Book chapter
  1. Helena Paulo; Miguel Vieira; Bruno S. Gonçalves; Susana Relvas; Tânia Pinto-Varela; Ana P. Barbosa-Povoa. "A Discrete-Event Simulation Approach to the Design and Planning of Biomass Supply Chains considering Technological Learning". 2023.
    10.1016/b978-0-443-15274-0.50205-5
  2. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Morales, J.M.. "Oil product distribution planning via robust optimization". 949-954. 2018.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-64235-6.50167-4
  3. Meira, W.H.T.; Magatão, L.; Relvas, S.; Arruda, L.V.R.; Neves, F.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Scheduling of a Multiproduct and Multiple Destinations Pipeline System with Repumping Operations". 931-936. 2018.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-64235-6.50164-9
  4. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Stochastic Modeling Approach for Downstream Oil Supply Chain". 1339-1344. 2017.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63965-3.50225-7
  5. Paulo, H.; Cardoso-Grilo, T.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Designing Integrated Biorefineries Supply Chain: Combining Stochastic Programming Models with Scenario Reduction Methods". 901-906. 2017.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63965-3.50152-5
  6. Mota, N.; Relvas, S.; Gonçalves, J.. "Downstream Oil Products Distribution Planning: A Portuguese Case Study". 25-40. 2017.
    10.1007/978-3-319-42421-7_3
  7. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Alem, D.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Robust Optimization for Petroleum Supply Chain Collaborative Design and Planning". 1569-1574. 2016.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63428-3.50266-6
  8. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Relvas, S.; Novais, A.Q.. "Evaluating supply chain resilience under different types of disruption". 123-129. 2016.
    10.1007/978-3-319-20430-7_16
  9. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Fernandes, Leao Jose; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Gernaey, KV; Huusom, JK; Gani, R. "Downstream Petroleum Supply Chain Planning under Uncertainty". 1889-1894. 2015.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63576-1.50009-1
  10. Dimas, D.; Murata, V.V.; Neiro, S.M.S.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Dimas, Diovanina; Murata, Valeria V.; et al. "Planning of a multiproduct pipeline integrating blending and distribution". 1847-1852. 2015.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63576-1.50002-9
  11. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Petroleum supply chain network design and tactical planning with demand uncertainty". 59-66. 2015.
  12. Vicente, J.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Distribution supply chain inventory planning under uncertainty". 247-254. 2015.
  13. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Póvoas, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.; Novais, A.Q.; Cardoso, Sonia R.; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula F. D.; Relvas, Susana; Novais, Augusto Q.. "Resilience assessment of supply chains under different types of disruption". edited by Eden, M. R.; Siirola, J. D.; Towler, G. P., 759-764. 2014.
    10.1016/B978-0-444-63433-7.50111-5
Conference abstract
  1. Barbosa-Povoa, Ana; Ivo Carvalho, Mafalda; Relvas, Susana; Ramos, Tânia. Corresponding author: Ivo Carvalho, Mafalda. "Food Loss and Waste Mapping". Paper presented in IO2019 - XX Congress of the Portuguese Association of Operational Research, Tomar, 2019.
    Published
Conference paper
  1. Relvas, S.; Almeida, J.P.; Oliveira, J.F.; Pinto, A.A.. "Preface". 2021.
  2. Macedo, R.; Coelho, F.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "In-House Logistics Operations Enhancement in the Automobile Industry Using Simulation". 2021.
    10.1007/978-3-030-85476-8_4
  3. Vieira, M.; Coelho, F.; da Silva, C.; Mota, B.; Guapo, J.; Macedo, R.; Gonçalves, B.; et al. "Towards an Integrated Decision-Support Framework for the New Generation of Manufacturing Systems". 2021.
    10.1007/978-3-030-85476-8_14
  4. Wassila, A.; Susana, R.; Sahnounm'hammed; Mehdi, S.. "Scheduling of multi product/multi-pump pipeline distribtion system". 2021.
    10.1109/CyMaEn50288.2021.9497287
  5. Barbosa, C.; Falcão e Cunha, N.; Malarranha, C.; Pinto, T.; Carvalho, A.; Amorim, P.; Carvalho, M.S.; et al. "Towards an Integrated Framework for Aerospace Supply Chain Sustainability". 2019.
    10.1007/978-3-030-10731-4_1
  6. Meira, W.H.T.; Magatão, L.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Neves Junior, F.. "A decomposition approach for the long-term scheduling of a single-source multiproduct pipeline network". 2018.
    10.1007/978-3-319-71583-4_16
  7. Fernandes, L.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Downstream petroleum supply chains’ design and planning - Contributions and roadmap". 2018.
    10.1007/978-3-319-71583-4_7
  8. Coelho, F.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Simulation of an order picking system in a manufacturing supermarket using collaborative robots". 2018.
  9. Rosado, J.O.; Relvas, S.. "Integral supply chain performance management system design and implementation". 2016.
    10.1109/IESM.2015.7380248
  10. Vicente, J.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Bullwhip effect metrics for multi-echelon systems under order batching policies with cyclic demand". 2016.
    10.1109/IESM.2015.7380246
  11. Ribeiro, P.; Relvas, S.; Leal, N.. "Airline tail assignment process optimization: The impact of aircraft heterogeneity". 2012.
  12. Relvas, S.; Antunes, P.. "Analysis of the applicability of argument models in alternative dispute resolution,Análise da aplicabilidade dos modelos de argumentação na resolução alternativa de conflitos". 2006.
Journal article
  1. Camilo Lima; Manuela Batista; Susana Relvas; Ana Barbosa-Póvoa. "Optimizing the Design and Planning of a Sugar-Bioethanol Supply Chain under Uncertain Market Conditions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2023): http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00085.
    10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00085
  2. Joaquim Jorge Vicente; Susana Relvas; Ana Paula Barbosa Póvoa. "Distribution and inventory planning in multi-echelon supply chains under demand uncertainty". International Journal of Operational Research (2023): http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2023.128543.
    10.1504/ijor.2023.128543
  3. Eric Ofori-Ntow Jnr; Yao Yevenyo Ziggah; Maria Joao Rodrigues; Susana Relvas. "A hybrid chaotic-based discrete wavelet transform and Aquila optimisation tuned-artificial neural network approach for wind speed prediction". Results in Engineering (2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100399.
    10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100399
  4. Fábio Coelho; Rodrigo Macedo; Susana Relvas; Ana Barbosa-Póvoa. "Simulation of in-house logistics operations for manufacturing". International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (2022): https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2022.2027521.
    10.1080/0951192X.2022.2027521
  5. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. "A graph modeling framework to design and plan the downstream oil supply chain". International Transactions in Operational Research 29 3 (2022): 1502-1519. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85102839366&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1111/itor.12969
  6. Beheshti Asl, N.; MirHassani, S.A.; Relvas, S.; Hooshmand, F.. "A novel two-phase decomposition-based algorithm to solve MINLP pipeline scheduling problem". Operational Research 22 5 (2022): 4829-4863. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85138766109&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1007/s12351-022-00738-6
  7. Ivo de Carvalho, M.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "A roadmap for sustainability performance assessment in the context of Agri-Food Supply Chain". Sustainable Production and Consumption 34 (2022): 565-585. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85140299891&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.spc.2022.10.001
  8. Ofori-Ntow Jnr, E.; Ziggah, Y.Y.; Rodrigues, M.J.; Relvas, S.. "A New Long-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Model Based on Stacking Generalization Methodology". Natural Resources Research 31 3 (2022): 1265-1287. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85128296750&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1007/s11053-022-10058-3
  9. Eric Ofori-Ntow Jnr; Yao Yevenyo Ziggah; Susana Relvas. "Hybrid ensemble intelligent model based on wavelet transform, swarm intelligence and artificial neural network for electricity demand forecasting". Sustainable Cities and Society 66 (2021): 102679-102679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102679.
    10.1016/j.scs.2020.102679
  10. William Hitoshi Tsunoda Meira; Leandro Magatão; Flávio Neves Jr.; Lúcia V.R. Arruda; Jonas Portugal Vaqueiro; Susana Relvas; Ana Paula Barbosa-Póvoa. "A solution framework for the long-term scheduling and inventory management of straight pipeline systems with multiple-sources". Computers & Operations Research 127 (2021): 105143-105143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2020.105143.
    10.1016/j.cor.2020.105143
  11. Coelho, F.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Simulation-based decision support tool for in-house logistics: the basis for a digital twin". Computers and Industrial Engineering 153 (2021): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85099227555&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.cie.2020.107094
  12. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. "Designing and planning the downstream oil supply chain under uncertainty using a fuzzy programming approach". Computers and Chemical Engineering 151 (2021): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85107130716&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107373
  13. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. "Corrigendum to Designing and planning the downstream oil supply chain under uncertainty using a fuzzy programming approach’[Computers and Chemical Engineering 151 (2021) 107373] (Computers and Chemical Engineering (2021) 151, (S0098135421001514), (10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107373))". Computers and Chemical Engineering 153 (2021): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85108341856&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107400
  14. Alem, D.; Bonilla-Londono, H.F.; Barbosa-Povoa, A.P.; Relvas, S.; Ferreira, D.; Moreno, A.. "Building disaster preparedness and response capacity in humanitarian supply chains using the Social Vulnerability Index". European Journal of Operational Research (2020): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85096176524&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.ejor.2020.10.016
  15. Vicente, J.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Supply chain management under product demand and lead time uncertainty". International Journal of Operational Research 37 4 (2020): 453-478. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85082328858&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1504/IJOR.2020.105763
  16. Meira, W.H.T.; Magatão, L.; Neves-Jr, F.; Arruda, L.V.R.; Vaqueiro, J.P.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Scheduling of a single-source multiproduct pipeline system by a matheuristic approach: Combining simulated annealing and MILP". Computers and Chemical Engineering 136 (2020): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85081684320&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106784
  17. Relvas, Susana. "Adjustable Robust Optimization for Planning Logistics Operations in Downstream Oil Networks". Processes (2019): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080507.
    10.3390/pr7080507
  18. Mostafaei, H.; Castro, P.M.; Relvas, S.; Harjunkoski, I.. "A holistic MILP model for scheduling and inventory management of a multiproduct oil distribution system". Omega (United Kingdom) (2019): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071850758&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.omega.2019.102110
  19. Sousa, A.L.; Ribeiro, T.P.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. "Using Machine Learning for Enhancing the Understanding of Bullwhip Effect in the Oil and Gas Industry". Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 1 3 (2019): http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85077506817&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.3390/make1030057
  20. Diovanina Dimas; Valéria V. Murata; Sérgio M.S. Neiro; Susana Relvas; Ana Paula Barbosa-Póvoa. "Multiproduct pipeline scheduling integrating for inbound and outbound inventory management". Computers & Chemical Engineering 115 (2018): 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.04.025.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.04.025
  21. Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.. "Stochastic programming approach for the optimal tactical planning of the downstream oil supply chain". Computers and Chemical Engineering 108 (2018): 314-336. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85033457360&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.09.012
  22. Meira, W.H.T.; Magatão, L.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Neves, F.; Arruda, L.V.R.. "A matheuristic decomposition approach for the scheduling of a single-source and multiple destinations pipeline system". European Journal of Operational Research 268 2 (2018): 665-687. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85044931291&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.ejor.2018.01.032
  23. Vicente, J.J.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.. "Effective bullwhip metrics for multi-echelon distribution systems under order batching policies with cyclic demand". International Journal of Production Research 56 4 (2018): 1593-1619. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85028574463&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1080/00207543.2017.1367105
  24. Paulo, Helena; Cardoso, Teresa; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana. "Designing integrated biorefineries supply chain: combining stochastic programming models with scenario reduction methods". (2017): http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/7933.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63965-3.50152-5
  25. Lima, Camilo; Relvas, Susana; Paula, Ana; Barbosa-Povoa, F. D.; Lima, C.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.. "Downstream oil supply chain management: A critical review and future directions". Computers & Chemical Engineering 92 (2016): 78-92. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=CCC&KeyUT=CCC:000380513500007&KeyUID=CCC:000380513500007.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.05.002
  26. Cardoso, Sonia R.; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Relvas, Susana. "Integrating financial risk measures into the design and planning of closed-loop supply chains". Computers & Chemical Engineering 85 (2016): 105-123. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000368540100011&KeyUID=WOS:000368540100011.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.10.012
  27. Horta, Miguel; Coelho, Fabio; Relvas, Susana. "Layout design modelling for a real world just-in-time warehouse". Computers & Industrial Engineering 101 (2016): 1-9. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000390497900001&KeyUID=WOS:000390497900001.
    10.1016/j.cie.2016.08.013
  28. Vicente, Joaquim Jorge; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Framinan, JM; Gonzalez, PP; Artiba, A. "Bullwhip effect metrics for multi-echelon systems under order batching policies with cyclic demand". 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (Iesm) (2015): 771-780. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000380454700098&KeyUID=WOS:000380454700098.
  29. Cardoso, Sonia R.; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Relvas, Susana; Novais, Augusto Q.. "Resilience metrics in the assessment of complex supply-chains performance operating under demand uncertainty". Omega-International Journal of Management Science 56 (2015): 53-73. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000357234300006&KeyUID=WOS:000357234300006.
    10.1016/j.omega.2015.03.008
  30. Cannella, Salvatore; Framinana, Jose M.; Bruccoleri, Manfredi; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Relvas, Susana. "The effect of Inventory Record Inaccuracy in Information Exchange Supply Chains". European Journal of Operational Research 243 1 (2015): 120-129. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000349592500012&KeyUID=WOS:000349592500012.
    10.1016/j.ejor.2014.11.021
  31. Rosado, Joana Oliveira; Relvas, Susana; Framinan, JM; Gonzalez, PP; Artiba, A. "Integral Supply Chain Performance Management System Design and Implementation". 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (Iesm) (2015): 788-801. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000380454700100&KeyUID=WOS:000380454700100.
  32. Vicente, Joaquim Jorge; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa Povoa, Ana Paula; Almeida, JP; Oliveira, JF; Pinto, AA. "Multi-period and Multi-product Inventory Management Model with Lateral Transshipments". Operational Research (2015): 425-444. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000377504400023&KeyUID=WOS:000377504400023.
    10.1007/978-3-319-20328-7_23
  33. Paulo, Helena; Azcue, Xavier; Barbosa-Póvoa, Ana P.; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana P.. "Supply chain optimization of residual forestry biomass for bioenergy production: the case study of Portugal". Biomass & Bioenergy 83 (2015): 245-256. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/5851.
    10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.09.020
  34. Fernandes, Leao Jose; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula. "Collaborative Design and Tactical Planning of Downstream Petroleum Supply Chains". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53 44 (2014): 17155-17181. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000344516900021&KeyUID=WOS:000344516900021.
    10.1021/ie500884k
  35. Fabroa, Joao A.; Stebel, Sergio L.; Rossato, Daniel; Polli, Helton L.; Arruda, L. V. R.; Neves, Flvio, Jr.; Ribas, Paulo C.; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula F. D.; Relvas, Susana. "A MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) decomposition solution to the scheduling of heavy oil derivatives in a real-world pipeline". Computers & Chemical Engineering 66 (2014): 124-138.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.01.004
  36. Fernandes, Leao Jose; Relvas, Susana; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula. "Strategic network design of downstream petroleum supply chains: Single versus multi-entity participation". Chemical Engineering Research & Design 91 8 (2013): 1557-1587.
    10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.028
  37. Relvas, S.; Boschetto Magatão, S.N.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Neves, F.. "Integrated scheduling and inventory management of an oil products distribution system". Omega (United Kingdom) 41 6 (2013): 955-968. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873874566&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.omega.2013.01.001
  38. Banaszewski, R.F.; Arruda, L.V.; Simão, J.M.; Tacla, C.A.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Relvas, S.. "An application of a multi-agent auction-based protocol to the tactical planning of oil product transport in the Brazilian multimodal network". Computers and Chemical Engineering 59 (2013): 17-32. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84886415231&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2013.06.007
  39. Cannella, S.; Bruccoleri, M.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Relvas, S.. "Methodological approach to study the dynamics of production networks: Discrete-event simulation modelling". International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 16 2 (2013): 211-223. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84883606695&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1504/IJLSM.2013.056174
  40. Cannella, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.; Framinan, J.M.; Relvas, S.. "Metrics for bullwhip effect analysis". Journal of the Operational Research Society 64 1 (2013): 1-16. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84870688224&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1057/jors.2011.139
  41. Cardoso, S.R.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. "Design and planning of supply chains with integration of reverse logistics activities under demand uncertainty". European Journal of Operational Research 226 3 (2013): 436-451. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872977689&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.ejor.2012.11.035
  42. Magatão, S.N.B.; Magatão, L.; Luis Polli, H.; Neves, F.; De Arruda, L.V.R.; Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.. "Planning and sequencing product distribution in a real-world pipeline network: An MILP decomposition approach". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 51 12 (2012): 4591-4609. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84859145761&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1021/ie2010252
  43. Stebel, S.L.; Magatão, S.N.B.; Arruda, L.V.R.; Neves-Jr., F.; Povoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. "Mixed integer linear programming formulation for aiding planning activities in a complex pipeline network". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 51 35 (2012): 11417-11433. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865852473&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1021/ie202590t
  44. Fernandes, Ledo Jose; Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Paula; Relvas, Susana; Wu, DD. "Supply Chain Risk Management Review and a New Framework for Petroleum Supply Chains". Quantitative Financial Risk Management (2011): 227-264.
    10.1007/978-3-642-19339-2_20
  45. Boschetto, S.N.; Magatão, L.; Brondani, W.M.; Neves Jr., F.; Arruda, L.V.R.; Barbosa-Poévoa, A.P.F.D.; Relvas, S.. "An operational scheduling model to product distribution through a pipeline network". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 49 12 (2010): 5661-5682. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953355519&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1021/ie900685v
  46. Relvas, S.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Matos, H.A.. "Heuristic batch sequencing on a multiproduct oil distribution system". Computers and Chemical Engineering 33 3 (2009): 712-730. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58949102902&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.10.012
  47. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; Fernandes, M.C.; Castro, P.; Nunes, C.P.. "AquoMin: A software tool for Mass-Exchange Networks targeting and design". Computers and Chemical Engineering 32 6 (2008): 1085-1105. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41149099633&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1016/j.compchemeng.2006.12.002
  48. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Fialho, J.. "Reactive scheduling framework for a multiproduct pipeline with inventory management". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 46 17 (2007): 5659-5672. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548247313&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1021/ie070214q
  49. Relvas, S.; Matos, H.A.; Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D.; Fialho, J.; Pinheiro, A.S.. "Pipeline scheduling and inventory management of a multiproduct distribution oil system". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 45 23 (2006): 7841-7855. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33751581213&partnerID=MN8TOARS.
    10.1021/ie060309c
Activities

Supervision

Thesis Title
Role
Degree Subject (Type)
Institution / Organization
2018 - 2018 Tactical and Operational planning of the Downstream Oil Supply Chain under uncertainty
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão (PhD)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
2017 - 2017 Desempenho de Operações de Armazém - O Caso da Science4you
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2017 - 2017 Planeamento da Implementação de um Laboratório de Ensino Superior – Operations and Logistics Lab
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2017 - 2017 Melhoria de Operações na Logística Inversa - O caso da IKEA
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2017 - 2017 Danos operacionais internos - O caso da IKEA
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2017 - 2017 Implementação de Plataforma para Cais de Carga/Descarga - O Caso da Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2016 - 2016 Downstream Petroleum Supply Chain Strategic and Tactical Planning under Uncertainty
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão (PhD)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
2016 - 2016 Planeamento da capacidade nos cuidados de saúde primários baseado no conceito de case mix
Supervisor
Engenharia Biomédica (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
2016 - 2016 Total Cost of Ownership for Global sourcing: Application to a Mechatronic New Line - The case study of ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2016 - 2016 Application of the simulated annealing with adaptive local neighborhood search to The Tail Assignment Problem The Case Study of TAP
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2016 - 2016 Potenciar o comércio internacional português: O caso de Angola
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2015 - 2015 Internal Supply Chain Performance Management & Measurement Systems: Design for Implementation The Case Study of VDL ETG
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2015 - 2015 Otimização do planeamento e aprovisionamento logístico O caso da MEO, Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia, S.A..
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2015 - 2015 Implementação de um Warehouse Management System O Caso da Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2015 - 2015 Definição de um processo de controlo de informação e gestão de fornecedores de entrega directa na loja O caso da SONAE MC
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2015 - 2015 Desenvolvimento de Políticas de Gestão de Stock O caso da Rede Ferroviária Nacional
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2014 - 2014 Análise e Reestruturação da Rede de Transportes de Distribuição - O caso da Jerónimo Martins
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2014 - 2014 Otimização de Layout num Armazém de Produtos Perecíveis: o Caso da Jerónimo Martins
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2014 - 2014 Optimização do planeamento de operações de manutenção - O caso do Metropolitano de Lisboa
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2013 - 2013 Planeamento de Circuitos Logísticos em Ambiente Hospitalar - O Caso da José de Mello Saúde
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2012 - 2012 Tail Assignment Optimization within the Airline Planning Process - The Case Study of TAP
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2012 - 2012 Metodologias de Avaliação de Parceiros Logísticos - o caso da Volkswagen Autoeuropa
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2012 - 2012 The benefits of a SAP Transportation Management Solution for the Freight Transportation Services of Logistic Service Providers
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2011 - 2011 Melhorias na gestão de um armazém de suporte à produção: O Caso do armazém de peças da Hovione
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2011 - 2011 Gestão de Operações em Armazéns: Caso de Aplicação numa empresa do Sector Alimentar com temperatura controlada
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2011 - 2011 Optimização do Sistema de Distribuição Hospitalar: o caso do Armazém Central do Hospital de Santa Maria
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2010 - 2010 Reformulação de uma rede de distribuição: o caso da Zon TV Cabo
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2010 - 2010 Optimização de um Sistema de Distribuição Capilar: O Caso da Autosil
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2010 - 2010 Projecto e Planeamento de Armazéns: Aplicação na Indústria de distribuição
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão Industrial (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Campus Taguspark, Portugal
2009 - 2009 Optimal Distribution Supply Chain Inventory Planning
Supervisor
Engenharia e Gestão (PhD)
Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Distinctions

Other distinction

2017 Prémio Augusto Queiróz Novais em “Process Systems Engineering” - Melhor artigo em Process Systems Engineering
Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional, Portugal
2015 Apresentação do artigo “Design and planning of supply chains with integration of reverse logistics activities under demand uncertainty”, (2013) European Journal of Operational Research, 226 (3), 436-451 na sessão “Meet the Editors of EJOR”, no XXVII EURO
2015 Melhor Tese de Doutoramento em Cadeias de Abastecimento Sustentáveis, 1º edição do prémio atribuído pelo EURO Working Group in Sustainable Supply Chains, tese de doutoramento de Sónia Raquel Cardoso, intitulada “Design and Planning of Closed-Loop Supply C
2012 Menção Honrosa para Poster, 29ª edição do Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Medicina Geral e Familiar, “Otimização e planeamento de consultas em Medicina Geral e Familiar: Testando a roda do tempo”
2010 Young Researchers UTL/Deloitte - Industrial Management Area
2009 young Researchers UTL/CGD - Honorable Mention in the Area of Industrial Management
2008 Best Poster on "Systematic methods and tools for managing the complexity"